Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Hydrology
Subtopic: Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components
Question Statement:
Match the instruments in Column I with the corresponding measurement variables in Column II:
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| 1. Tensiometer | a. Consumptive use |
| 2. Piezometer | b. Bernoulli's equation |
| 3. Lysimeter | c. Soil moisture |
| 4. Elbow meter | d. Hydrostatic pressure |
| 5. Pitot tube | e. Volumetric flow rate |
Options:
(A) 1–c,2–b,3–a,4–e,5–d
(B) 1–c,2–d,3–a,4–e,5–b
(C) 1–d,2–c,3–e,4–a,5–b
(D) 1–c,2–d,3–a,4–b,5–e
Official Answer Key:
B
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
Tensiometer measures soil-water tension/matric potential → soil moisture (c). Piezometer measures pressure head/hydrostatic pressure in a fluid column → hydrostatic pressure (d). Lysimeter directly measures evapotranspiration/water loss from a soil-plant system → consumptive use (a). Elbow meter uses the pressure difference around a pipe bend (calibrated) to give flow rate → volumetric flow rate (e). Pitot tube measures flow velocity via the stagnation-pressure principle, which is derived from Bernoulli's equation → Bernoulli's equation (b). So: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b. Answer: (B).
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