Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods
Subtopic: Surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods
Question Statement:
The average discharge, operating pressure and emitter constant of a drip emitter are 4 L h⁻¹, 110 kPa and 0.3, respectively. The type of emitter is
Options:
(A) orifice
(B) long path
(C) pressure compensating
(D) disc
Official Answer Key:
A
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
Emitter discharge follows q = k·Hˣ, where x is the discharge (emitter/flow) exponent characterizing the flow regime: x≈0 indicates a fully pressure-compensating emitter (discharge nearly independent of pressure); x≈1.0 indicates fully laminar flow (long-path/microtube emitters, discharge proportional to pressure); x≈0.5 indicates fully turbulent flow through a fixed orifice (discharge proportional to √H). The given exponent x=0.3 lies closest to the turbulent-flow/orifice-type regime among the listed categories (nearer to the small-orifice turbulent-flow classification than to the laminar long-path or fully compensating extremes). Answer: (A) orifice.
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