Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Hydrology
Subtopic: Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components
Question Statement:
Match the following items between Column-I and Column-II with the most appropriate combinations:
| Column-I | Column-II |
|---|---|
| 1) Neutron Probe | P) Open channel flow |
| 2) Pressure Plate Apparatus | Q) Deep percolation |
| 3) Tipping Bucket | R) Aquifer parameters |
| 4) Current Meter | S) Soil moisture |
| 5) Pumping Test | T) Rainfall intensity |
| 6) Lysimeter | U) Soil-moisture characteristic |
Options:
(A) 1-Q, 2-P, 3-T, 4-S, 5-R, 6-U
(B) 1-S, 2-U, 3-T, 4-P, 5-R, 6-Q
(C) 1-S, 2-R, 3-T, 4-P, 5-Q, 6-U
(D) 1-P, 2-U, 3-S, 4-T, 5-R, 6-Q
Official Answer Key:
B
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
• Neutron probe → measures in-situ soil moisture (S).
• Pressure plate apparatus → used to derive the soil-moisture characteristic (retention) curve, i.e. matric-suction vs. moisture content (U).
• Tipping-bucket → a self-recording rain gauge, giving rainfall intensity (T).
• Current meter → measures stream velocity for discharge/open-channel flow measurement (P).
• Pumping test → used to determine aquifer parameters (transmissivity, storage coefficient) (R).
• Lysimeter → measures the water that percolates below the root zone (deep percolation) as well as ET; here it pairs with deep percolation (Q), the only remaining option.
• Combination: 1-S, 2-U, 3-T, 4-P, 5-R, 6-Q, matching option (B).
• Final Answer: (B)
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