Subtopic: Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines
Question Statement:
Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions are used for analyzing groundwater flow in
Options:
(A) confined aquifers
(B) leaky confined aquifers
(C) unconfined aquifers
(D) both confined and unconfined aquifers
Official Answer Key:
C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
The Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions — that flow is essentially horizontal and the hydraulic gradient equals the slope of the free (phreatic) water table — are specifically formulated to simplify the analysis of unconfined aquifer flow, where the saturated thickness (and hence the flow cross-section) varies with the water-table elevation. Confined and leaky confined aquifers have a fixed saturated thickness bounded by impermeable/semi-permeable layers and do not require (or use) this free-surface simplification. Hence (C) is correct.
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