Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Hydrology
Subtopic: Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components
Question Statement:
The Rational method is used to estimate
Options:
(A) runoff volume
(B) peak runoff rate
(C) runoff depth
(D) direct surface runoff
Official Answer Key:
B
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
The Rational formula, Q_p = C·i·A, is specifically formulated to estimate the PEAK RUNOFF RATE (a flow rate, e.g. m³/s) from a small catchment for design purposes (e.g., culvert/drain sizing) — it does not directly give total runoff volume or depth over an event. Answer: (B) peak runoff rate.
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